Investigation of the glass and stone beads uncovered during Jamestown Rediscovery's 1994-1997 field seasons identified 28 different varieties and established a material line of evidence on which to base subsequent studies regarding intercultural relations, exchange networks, and global commerce. Historically verified blue beads dominated the assemblage, including dozens of robin's-egg blue, nueva cadiz-like turquoise, and nueva cadiz-like navy blue examples. The overall assemblage resembled collections from 16th-century Spanish colonial sites more than those from 17th-century English settlements in America. The distinctiveness of Jamestown's beads might suggest changes in bead production practices and reveal a transformation in European trade kits.